Ovarian cysts trends at tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra: Retrospective analysis

Background: Ovary is an essential organ of the female body concerned with the production of progeny. If a neoplastic change occurs in the ovaries, then a variety of tumors can develop. An ovarian cyst is a common gynecological problem. The main complications which can arise include torsion, infarction, rupture, and hemorrhage. Methodology: This was a retrospective and prospective study of 108 cases of ovarian pathology encountered over the period of 18 months. All the specimens sent for the histology, multiple sections were taken from each case, and routine Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was done. The diagnosis was based on the WHO classification, and results were tabulated. Results: Out of total ovarian lesions, nonneoplastic lesions were 73(60.33%), and neoplastic lesions were 48(39.66%).  The most common nonneoplastic histopathological lesion seen was a follicular cyst (57.53%), and surface epithelial tumors (83.33%) were the most common neoplastic lesion noted in the present study.  The mucinous cystadenoma was the largest tumor encountered. The common chief complaint was abdominal pain (41.49%), followed by incidental findings (20.40%). Conclusion: The goal of histopathological diagnosis is to identify the type of the ovarian lesion, the risk of malignancy and assessment of timing and necessity of further interventions like chemotherapy and radiotherapy.